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German submarine U-181
German submarine ''U-181'' was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 15 March 1941 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard at Bremen as yard number 1021. She was launched on 30 December 1941 and commissioned on 9 May 1942 under the command of ''Kapitänleutnant'' Wolfgang Lüth. After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin, ''U-181'' was attached to the 10th flotilla for front-line service on 1 October 1942, then transferred to the 12th flotilla on 1 November.〔
==Operational history==
Under Lüth's command she sailed on two long combat patrols in late–1942 and 1943, haunting the waters off South Africa and Mozambique and sinking 22 ships for a total of 103,712 tons,〔 making Lüth the second most successful U-boat commander of the war (after Otto Kretschmer) and earning him promotion to ''Korvettenkapitän'' and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds. He went on to command the ''22nd U-boat Flotilla''.
On 1 November 1943 under the command of ''Fregattenkapitän'' Kurt Freiwald and part of the 12th U-boat Flotilla. ''U-181'' sailed from her base in Bordeaux, France to Penang, Malaya (now Malaysia) in mid–1944, sinking four ships totalling 24,869 tons.〔 They carried a Bachstelze and a Naxos radar detector on this trip.〔Giese, O., 1994, Shooting the War, Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, ISBN 1557503079〕 On 1 October 1944 the U-boat was transferred to the ''33rd U-boat Flotilla''.〔 She carried out only one additional patrol in the Indian Ocean, in 1944–1945, on their journey home with 130 tons of tin, 20 tons of molybdenum, 80-100 tons of raw rubber, and the latest radar-detection equipment FUMB26 TUNIS.〔 They ended up sinking a single ship of 10,198 tons.〔 Because of their cargo, they only had room for two torpedoes, which they used in this sinking.〔 The trip home was aborted when the main bearings started to wear out, prompting a return to Batavia on 6 Jan. 1945, but transferring their fuel to the U-843 near the Cocos Islands on the way.〔
On the 12th, they were ordered to Penang, but only made it as far as Singapore. There they worked on repairing the engines and fittitng a ''Schnorchel'', before attempting a renewed trip home starting on 10 May.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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